By H.E. Mohammad Abdullah S. Alghamdi,
Ambassador of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to Singapore

For many in Asia, the Red Sea may seem geographically distant. Yet, recent disruptions to shipping routes and energy flows have underscored a strategic reality that is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore: stability in the Red Sea is no longer only a Middle Eastern concern. It is becoming an integral component of Asia’s economic security.

This reflects a broader transformation in the geography of global commerce. As trade networks become more interconnected and supply chains more vulnerable to disruption, Southeast Asian economies can no longer view maritime security through the lens of the Indo-Pacific alone. The resilience of shipping corridors stretching from the Gulf and the Red Sea to the Strait of Malacca now plays an increasingly important role in sustaining Asia’s trade, energy security and long-term economic growth.

From the Strait of Hormuz to the Strait of Malacca, the world’s maritime routes are deeply interconnected. Disruptions in one part of this network inevitably affect the others. For economies across Asia that depend heavily on trade, energy imports and maritime shipping, the consequences are immediate: higher freight costs, supply chain disruptions, rising insurance premiums and greater economic uncertainty. This makes it all the more important to keep maritime chokepoints open, uphold freedom of navigation and preserve the continuity of energy and trade flows.

Today, Asia receives the majority of energy exports passing through Gulf shipping lanes. The stability of these maritime corridors is therefore as much an Asian interest as it is a regional one. It also reinforces the importance of safeguarding the security and continuity of global energy supplies, particularly during periods of heightened uncertainty. Developments in the Red Sea are no longer confined to the Middle East; they are increasingly linked to the stability of global commerce and international trade flows.

Recent years have also highlighted the growing importance of resilience in global trade and energy networks. Efficiency alone is no longer sufficient. Increasingly, attention is being placed on diversification, infrastructure development and the ability to sustain trade and energy flows during periods of crisis.

In this context, Saudi Arabia’s western coastline is emerging as an increasingly important anchor for resilient global connectivity. The Kingdom’s investments in its Red Sea ports, logistics infrastructure and transport networks — alongside the East-West Pipeline linking the Gulf to Yanbu on the Red Sea — contribute to greater reliability in energy and trade flows between the Middle East and Asia, especially during periods of heightened uncertainty.

The importance of these projects extends beyond their national dimension. Their impact is also felt across Asian economies that rely heavily on stable supply chains, the security of energy supplies and maritime commerce. At the same time, the growing logistical and commercial connectivity between the Gulf and Asia reflects a broader transformation in relations between the two regions. These ties are no longer defined solely by energy exports, but increasingly by infrastructure, investment, logistics and long-term economic integration.

Importantly, these developments should be viewed through the practical lens of economic resilience and shared connectivity. At its core, the issue is about safeguarding the continuity of global commerce and ensuring that maritime routes remain open, stable and predictable.

For policymakers in Southeast Asia, this reality carries an important implication. Maritime resilience can no longer be understood solely in terms of developments within Asia’s immediate neighborhood. The security of trade and energy flows increasingly depends on cooperation across a wider network of maritime partners, extending from Southeast Asia to the Gulf and the Red Sea.

For Southeast Asia’s maritime and trading economies, the current moment presents an opportunity to deepen cooperation with Gulf partners in areas of shared interest, including maritime security, supply chain resilience, the security of energy supplies and logistics connectivity.

In a world marked by growing uncertainty, resilience has become the new foundation of global trade. As global commerce becomes increasingly interconnected, Asia’s long-term economic security will depend not only on developments within the Indo-Pacific, but also on the resilience of maritime corridors linking Southeast Asia to the Gulf and the Red Sea.

In an exclusive conversation with IN Diplomacy, India’s Deputy High Commissioner to Singapore, Mrs. Pooja Tillu, reflects on her diplomatic journey, the philosophy of “Give to Gain,” and the transformative role of women in shaping inclusive global progress.

As a distinguished member of the Indian Foreign Service, the Deputy High Commissioner of India to Singapore, Mrs. Pooja Tillu, represents a new generation of diplomats shaping international relations through both policy and purpose. Since joining the service in 2009, she has built a diverse and impactful career spanning economic diplomacy, regional engagement, and development cooperation. Her current role in Singapore places her at the heart of one of Asia’s most dynamic diplomatic corridors, where she continues to strengthen bilateral ties while championing inclusive and people-centric diplomacy.

In a thoughtful conversation with IN Diplomacy’s Editor-in-Chief, Ms. Nomita Dhar, she shared reflections on her professional journey, the evolving role of women in diplomacy, and the broader significance of collaboration in international relations. The discussion traversed themes of regional cooperation, women-led development, and India’s approach to building trust through sustained engagement and mutual support.

Growing up in Mumbai, she was surrounded by strong female role models who shaped her outlook on leadership and resilience. With a grandmother who served as a school principal, a mother with a long-standing career in the public banking sector, and a sister who built her own medical practice, she witnessed firsthand the impact of women’s empowerment across generations. These early influences instilled in her a deep belief in the capacity of women to lead and transform societies, a belief that would later inform her work in diplomacy.

Her career trajectory reflects both depth and diversity. Beginning with her early posting in Frankfurt, she was exposed to the complexities of economic diplomacy in one of Europe’s leading financial centres. “It was a wonderful learning experience,” she noted, highlighting her engagement with trade delegations and business stakeholders. Subsequent assignments in New Delhi’s Eurasia Division and later in the Maldives, where she oversaw commerce and development assistance, further broadened her perspective. Each posting, she emphasised, brought unique challenges and learning opportunities, contributing to what she described as an “enriching experience thus far.”

A key theme emerging from the conversation was India’s collaborative approach to diplomacy, which she described as deeply embedded in the country’s diplomatic ethos. Moving beyond transactional frameworks, she explained that this principle underpins India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy, where trust is built through assistance, responsiveness, and goodwill. “It means moving away from a competition mindset towards one of collaboration,” she said, adding that such an approach is equally vital in advancing women’s empowerment. By sharing knowledge and uplifting one another, women can collectively expand opportunities and leadership pathways.

She also highlighted India’s evolving development narrative, where the focus has shifted from women’s development to women-led development. Addressing persistent challenges such as labour force participation, digital access, and safety, the Government of India has implemented a range of initiatives aimed at empowering women across sectors. From financial inclusion programmes that have significantly increased women’s access to banking, to education campaigns improving school enrolment and gender ratios, these policies reflect a systemic commitment to inclusive growth.

One notable initiative she pointed to was the “Lakhpati Didi” programme, which has enabled millions of rural women to establish micro-enterprises and achieve financial independence. By equipping women with practical skills, from tailoring to drone operation, the initiative demonstrates how targeted interventions can transform livelihoods and communities.

Beyond domestic initiatives, her work also extends to supporting Indian nationals abroad. She highlighted the recent launch of a One Stop Centre at the High Commission in Singapore, designed to assist women in distress. Offering integrated services including legal aid, counselling, and emergency support, the centre reflects India’s commitment to safeguarding its citizens while promoting gender-sensitive diplomacy.

India High Commission launched the ‘One Stop Centre’ in Singapore. It will be a dedicated office to support Indian women in distress by offering legal, medical, and psychological assistance.

Source/High Commission of India in Singapore

Reflecting on broader societal change, she acknowledged that women must also play an active role in dismantling structural inequalities. “It is only after we shed our own prejudices and recognise our true potential that we can contribute better towards a more equal society,” she remarked. This perspective underscores the importance of both institutional support and individual agency in driving meaningful progress.

In discussing regional and global cooperation, she emphasised that diplomacy today requires adaptability, empathy, and sustained dialogue. Whether through bilateral partnerships or regional frameworks, collaboration remains essential in addressing shared challenges and advancing collective prosperity.

Concluding the conversation, she shared her vision of an ideal future, one where gender does not define or limit opportunity. In such a world, she noted, “the sky should be the only limit” for the next generation. Her reflections capture a broader truth: that diplomacy, at its core, is not only about negotiations between states, but also about building a more inclusive and equitable world.

GIVE TO GAIN: EMPOWERING WOMEN, CONNECTING REGIONS, AND REDEFINING DIPLOMACY THROUGH COMMUNITY AND COLLABORATION

As co-founder and leader of the Latin American Chamber of Commerce in Singapore, Ms Angela Torres stands as a dynamic force in advancing cross-regional dialogue between Latin America and Southeast Asia. With a career shaped by international exposure, entrepreneurial drive, and a strong sense of social responsibility, she has successfully built an institution that not only facilitates trade and investment but also champions inclusivity and community-building. Under her leadership, LatAmCham has evolved into a vital platform connecting diverse economies while empowering individuals—particularly women—to reclaim professional identities and opportunities.

In a thoughtful conversation with IN Diplomacy, the discussion unfolds around the 2026 International Women’s Day theme, “Give to Gain,” and its resonance within diplomacy, leadership, and international cooperation. The dialogue moves fluidly across themes of global connectivity, the importance of inclusive economic participation, and the evolving role of chambers of commerce in strengthening ties between regions. At its core, the exchange reflects on how personal values and professional initiatives intersect to create meaningful, long-term impact.

Her early life in Medellín, Colombia, a city marked by both privilege and disparity, played a defining role in shaping her worldview. Benefiting from quality education and international opportunities, she developed a deep awareness of inequality and a corresponding sense of responsibility. This duality fostered a commitment to “giving back,” which would later become central to her leadership philosophy. Her exposure to different cultures and systems of governance cultivated a global mindset, one that values collaboration, adaptability, and mutual growth.

Her professional journey reflects a seamless blending of diplomacy, business leadership, and community engagement. Founding LatAmCham was not merely an institutional endeavour but a mission-driven initiative aimed at bridging continents. “The inspiration was to create an enduring legacy that bridges continents and empowers individuals,” she reflects. Through her work, she has navigated complex economic landscapes, fostered bilateral and multilateral partnerships, and championed the role of dialogue in facilitating sustainable development. Her leadership demonstrates how economic diplomacy can be both strategic and deeply human-centric.

A central theme of the conversation is the meaning of “Give to Gain.” For Ms Torres, it is not an abstract concept but a lived experience. In Singapore, she encountered many expatriate women who had paused their careers. Through LatAmCham, she created pathways for these women to re-engage professionally as volunteers, offering them networks and opportunities. “By providing this platform, I’ve witnessed profound personal and professional growth,” she notes, highlighting how empowerment often begins with inclusion. This initiative underscores the broader principle that investing in people ultimately strengthens institutions and economies.

She emphasises that effective diplomacy is rooted in dialogue and mutual respect, particularly in regions as diverse as Latin America and Southeast Asia. “When diverse regions unite, the potential for growth and innovation multiplies,” she observes, pointing to the increasing relevance of cross-regional collaboration in sectors such as fintech and digital mobility.

In reflecting on regional and bilateral relations, Ms Torres highlights the tangible outcomes of LatAmCham’s work. The organisation has facilitated joint ventures, supported market entry strategies, and enabled businesses to expand across the Pacific. Latin America, once perceived as a distant frontier, is now emerging as a strategic partner for Southeast Asian economies. This transformation, she suggests, is driven by shared ambitions in innovation and economic diversification, as well as by platforms that actively connect stakeholders across borders.

Balancing her role as a leader with her responsibilities as a mother of four has also been a defining aspect of her journey. Drawing on her experiences in Denmark, where family support systems are deeply embedded, she has cultivated a model of leadership that embraces both professional commitment and personal fulfilment. “This balance has gifted me with independent, resourceful children,” she reflects, illustrating how personal and professional spheres can reinforce one another when approached with intention and support.

In closing, Ms Torres’s reflections return to the essence of diplomacy—connection, collaboration, and continuity. She advocates for a leadership model grounded in empathy and shared responsibility, urging women in business and entrepreneurship to embrace both their professional ambitions and their roles within the family and society. Her message is clear: diplomacy, like leadership, is most effective when it is inclusive, purposeful, and rooted in giving. In a world facing complex global challenges, her journey offers a compelling reminder that meaningful gains are often the result of what we choose to give.

ADVANCING GENDER EQUALITY AND RULES-BASED COOPERATION IN A COMPLEX GLOBAL LANDSCAPE

Her Excellency Anneke Adema, Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to Singapore and Brunei, stands as a seasoned diplomat whose career reflects a deep commitment to international cooperation, inclusivity, and the rule of law. Representing a country widely recognised for its progressive stance on gender equality and multilateral engagement, she has played a pivotal role in strengthening bilateral ties in Southeast Asia while advocating for values that underpin sustainable and equitable global governance. Her work continues to bridge diplomacy with social progress, particularly in advancing women’s participation in public and professional life.

In a reflective conversation with IN Diplomacy, Her Excellency Ambassador Anneke Adema explored the evolving nature of diplomacy in a world shaped by geopolitical uncertainty, social transformation, and persistent inequalities. Central to the discussion were themes of gender equality, the importance of inclusive leadership, and the enduring relevance of multilateral cooperation. The dialogue also touched upon the International Women’s Day 2026 theme, “Give to Gain,” which she interprets as both a call to action and a reminder of the unfinished work in advancing women’s rights globally.

Her Excellency Ambassador Anneke Adema’s perspective is rooted in a career shaped by both legal understanding and diplomatic engagement. Her early influences, grounded in a European tradition of international law and cooperation, guided her toward public service and foreign policy. Over time, she developed a nuanced appreciation for the interplay between domestic values and international responsibilities. This foundation has informed her belief that diplomacy must not only manage state relations but also promote societal progress.

Her professional journey spans diverse diplomatic postings and leadership roles, where she has consistently balanced legal frameworks with pragmatic negotiation. Whether engaging in bilateral dialogues or participating in multilateral forums, she has emphasised the importance of dialogue as a tool for conflict resolution and cooperation. Her current role in Singapore and Brunei places her at the crossroads of dynamic regional developments, where economic innovation and strategic competition intersect.

Throughout the interview, Her Excellency Ambassador Anneke Adema underscored the importance of maintaining a rules-based international order, particularly in times of global instability. Reflecting on the International Women’s Day 2026 theme, she noted, “We unfortunately still need to draw attention to the position of women, both nearby and further away.” She emphasising that gender equality remains an urgent global priority. For her, “Give to Gain” signifies the need for sustained commitment and collective responsibility.

In her day-to-day diplomatic work, she actively promotes Dutch values of openness and inclusivity. She highlighted the importance of professional networks, particularly among women leaders, stating that such platforms provide essential support and shared learning. In Singapore, she values the strong network of female ambassadors, describing it as both “exceptional” and empowering. Within her own team, she encourages women to recognise their strengths and pursue opportunities with confidence, urging them “to go for it” and not underestimate their capabilities.

Her Excellency Ambassador Anneke Adema also reflected on the Netherlands’ success in fostering women’s participation in the workforce and public life. She attributes this progress not to a single policy, but to a combination of institutional support and personal networks. “Strong support from your home-front and the organisation you work in are crucial to make it work,” she explained, particularly during the demanding years of balancing career and family responsibilities. This insight highlights the importance of both cultural and structural factors in achieving gender parity.

Her observations extend to regional and bilateral cooperation, where she sees significant opportunities for collaboration between Europe and Southeast Asia. In Singapore and Brunei, partnerships are built not only on economic interests but also on shared commitments to innovation, sustainability, and governance. Legal frameworks and diplomatic dialogue, she noted, play a vital role in ensuring that such cooperation remains stable and mutually beneficial.

As the conversation drew to a close, Her Excellency Ambassador Anneke Adema offered a broader reflection on the role of diplomacy in addressing contemporary challenges. She emphasised that effective diplomacy requires patience, empathy, and a willingness to engage across differences. At its core, she believes diplomacy is about building trust and fostering understanding in an increasingly fragmented world.

Her philosophy is clear: progress in international relations, much like gender equality, is achieved through continuous effort, collaboration, and shared responsibility. In a time marked by uncertainty, her approach serves as a reminder that diplomacy—grounded in dialogue and inclusivity—remains one of the most powerful tools for shaping a more just and cooperative global future.

ADVANCING GENDER EQUALITY THROUGH LEADERSHIP, INVESTMENT, AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP

In a reflective and forward-looking substantive conversation with IN Diplomacy, a distinguished Nigerian diplomat currently serving as the Head of Mission in Singapore offers a compelling perspective on the 2026 International Women’s Day theme, “Give to Gain.” Speaking with measured authority and clarity, she situates gender equality not only as a moral imperative but as a strategic necessity for sustainable development, both within Nigeria and across the African continent. Her insights weave together policy, personal conviction, and diplomatic achievement into a narrative of purposeful leadership.

Q: The IWD 2026 theme is “Give to Gain.” As a woman representing Nigeria on the international stage, what does this theme mean to you personally?

The commemoration of International Women’s Day each year is fundamentally a call to action—one that underscores the importance of promoting gender equality by safeguarding the fundamental human rights of women and harnessing their immense potential for societal progress. Women constitute half of the global population, and as clearly articulated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5, gender equality is indispensable to sustainable development. The theme “Give to Gain” is particularly apt this year. It reminds us that achieving meaningful gender equality requires deliberate investment—whether in amplifying women’s voices, educating the girl child, or ensuring equitable access to opportunities. It is a shared responsibility to recognise and celebrate the contributions of women while actively addressing the barriers they face.

Q: Nigeria is home to incredibly dynamic and resilient women across business, culture, and public life. How do you see the “Give to Gain” spirit reflected in Nigerian women?

Nigeria indeed boasts a remarkable array of women who have made significant contributions across business, culture, and public life. At the governmental level, successive First Ladies have institutionalised initiatives aimed at empowering women. Under the Renewed Hope Initiative, led by Oluremi Tinubu, there has been a strong emphasis on economic empowerment, girl-child education, health, and advocacy for women’s inclusion in leadership.

Beyond government, individual trailblazers such as Folorunsho Alakija and Ibukun Awosika in business, Nike Davies-Okundaye in the arts, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in literature, and Omotola Jalade Ekeinde in film exemplify this ethos. On the global stage, figures like Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Amina Mohammed have not only broken barriers but continue to give back through mentorship and advocacy. These women embody the principle that empowerment is most impactful when it is shared.

Q: Africa is a continent of immense growth and potential. How do you think investing in and empowering women can accelerate Nigeria’s and Africa’s development?

Africa’s potential is undeniable, supported by both its natural resources and human capital. Women account for approximately half of the population and form a significant portion of the informal workforce. Unlocking this potential requires intentional strategies. Nigeria’s National Gender Policy (2021–2026) and the broader Renewed Hope Agenda focus on economic empowerment, financial inclusion, and political participation for women.

At the continental level, the African Union’s Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Strategy addresses systemic barriers such as unequal access to education, limited legal protection, and harmful cultural practices. Similarly, the African Continental Free Trade Area places emphasis on strengthening micro and small enterprises—many of which are led by women. Investing in women is not merely a social goal; it is an economic imperative that directly accelerates national and regional development.

Q: As a diplomat based in Singapore, what have you given through your work here, and what has Nigeria gained from this diplomatic relationship?

Since assuming duty in June 2024, my mandate has centred on strengthening bilateral relations between Nigeria and Singapore. This has been achieved through high-level official engagements, including visits by key ministers such as Hon. Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nigeria, Amb. Yusuf Maitama Tuggar and Hon. Minister of Education of Nigeria, Dr Tunji Alausa. These engagements have yielded tangible outcomes.

A notable milestone is the entry into force of the Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement in August 2025, which enhances investor confidence and economic cooperation. In education, collaboration between Nigeria’s National Board for Technical Education and Singapore’s ITE Education Services has formalised knowledge exchange in technical and vocational training. These efforts reflect a reciprocal relationship—what we give in diplomatic engagement translates into measurable national gains.

Q: What is the most important lesson you have learned about women’s leadership throughout your career in diplomacy?

Leadership, particularly for women, demands intentionality. It is essential to lead by example, demonstrating integrity, resilience, empathy, and professionalism. These qualities not only help achieve institutional objectives but also challenge persistent stereotypes about women’s capabilities. Equally important is leveraging one’s position to influence policies that advance gender equality.

Q: What is your message for women this International Women’s Day?

My message is simple yet profound: be a shining example and invest in the education of the girl child. Education remains the most powerful tool for breaking cycles of poverty and empowering communities. When you educate a girl, you educate an entire society. This is the essence of “Give to Gain”—a principle that should guide our collective actions.

ADVANCING GENDER EQUALITY THROUGH COMMUNITY, POLICY, AND COLLECTIVE ACTION

In the landscape of civil society leadership in Singapore, few figures have demonstrated as consistent and thoughtful a commitment to justice and social progress as Ms Corinna Lim. A lawyer by training and a long-standing advocate for gender equality, Ms Corinna Lim has spent decades working at the intersection of law, policy, and social reform. Best known for her leadership role at AWARE, Singapore’s leading gender equality advocacy group, she has helped shape public conversation and policy on issues ranging from domestic violence protection to workplace equality. Her work reflects a quiet but persistent form of diplomacy, one rooted not in negotiation between states, but in dialogue within society.

In a thoughtful exchange with IN Diplomacy, Ms Corinna Lim spoke about the deeper meaning behind the theme “Give to Gain,” a phrase she uses not simply as a slogan but as a reflection of her personal and professional journey. The conversation explored the evolving role of civil society in strengthening the rule of law, the importance of community solidarity, and the ways in which advocacy can reshape legal frameworks. Throughout the discussion, Ms Corinna Lim emphasized that social progress is rarely dramatic. Rather, it emerges gradually through collaboration, persistence, and the willingness of individuals to support one another.

Ms Corinna Lim’s path into advocacy did not begin with activism, but with the law. In the early 1990s, she began her career as a lawyer in a large commercial law firm. By conventional standards, it was a successful start, stable, prestigious, and filled with opportunity. Yet she recalls feeling increasingly uneasy. Much of the work, she observed, involved representing powerful institutions against individuals who were already vulnerable. Seeking a different sense of purpose, she began volunteering at AWARE’s legal clinic. That experience proved transformative.

Through the clinic, Ms Corinna Lim encountered women confronting profound personal challenges: domestic violence, abandonment, and severe financial hardship. Many arrived with limited legal knowledge and few support systems. The experience reshaped her understanding of the law’s social role. “In giving my time and skills,” she reflected, “I gained something far more valuable—a sense of purpose, community, and a cause that has sustained me for decades.” What began as volunteer work evolved into a lifelong commitment to advocacy and policy reform.

Over the years, Ms Corinna Lim has witnessed firsthand how collective action can translate into meaningful legal change. One early example came during her involvement in campaigns to strengthen protections for victims of family violence. At the time, the legal framework in Singapore offered limited protection unless severe physical injury could be proven. Working alongside advocates, including former parliamentarian Dr Kanwaljit Soin, Ms Corinna Lim contributed to efforts to reform the law. Their advocacy helped lead to significant amendments to the Women’s Charter in 1995, strengthening protection orders for women facing domestic abuse. For Ms Corinna Lim, the experience demonstrated the power of sustained civic engagement. “That moment taught me,” she explained, “that when people stand together and persist, structural change becomes possible.”

Despite progress, Ms Corinna Lim acknowledges that gender equality remains an ongoing challenge. Women in Singapore continue to navigate unequal caregiving burdens, workplace discrimination, gender-based violence, and new threats emerging from digital spaces, including online misogyny and technology-facilitated abuse. Addressing these issues, she believes, requires expanding the conversation beyond women alone.

In recent years, Ms Corinna Lim has become involved with Fellowship of Men, an initiative focused on engaging boys and men as partners in building healthier relationships and preventing family violence. The initiative reflects a broader shift in gender equality advocacy: the recognition that sustainable progress depends on collective responsibility. “Gender equality cannot be carried by women alone,” she noted during the interview. Encouraging men to participate as allies, caregivers, and advocates is essential to creating lasting cultural change.

What gives Ms Corinna Lim optimism, she says, is the widening circle of individuals and institutions willing to participate in that effort. She sees encouraging signs in corporate leaders promoting inclusive workplaces, communities challenging outdated social norms, and younger generations embracing more equitable ideas about family and responsibility. Social transformation, she cautions, is rarely linear. Yet small acts of commitment accumulate over time.

Reflecting on her decades of work, Ms Corinna Lim returns to the philosophy that has guided her journey. Giving—whether through time, expertise, empathy, or solidarity—creates the conditions for collective advancement. When individuals choose to support one another, isolation gives way to possibility. In that sense, “Give to Gain” captures more than a personal belief. It expresses a broader truth about social change: that progress often begins not with grand gestures, but with the simple decision to stand beside someone else and make the path forward a little more possible.

Exploring diplomacy beyond official titles, Ms Maricarmen Ortega reflects on intercultural life, women’s empowerment, and the evolving role of diplomatic communities in a changing world

In the evolving landscape of international diplomacy, influence is not only exercised through official channels but also through the relationships nurtured behind the scenes. Ms Maricarmen Ortega, spouse of the Ambassador of Costa Rica to Singapore, has emerged as a respected figure within the diplomatic community, known for her leadership, inclusivity, and commitment to strengthening cross-cultural ties. Having served as the coordinator of the Spouses of Heads of Mission (SHOM) in Singapore for over three years, she played a pivotal role in sustaining diplomatic connections during one of the most challenging periods in recent history, the COVID-19 pandemic.

In conversation with IN Diplomacy, Ms Maricarmen offered thoughtful reflections on life within the diplomatic sphere, the importance of community-building, and the evolving nature of women’s leadership. The discussion touched on themes of international cooperation, gender equality, intercultural identity, and the subtle yet profound impact of diplomacy beyond formal negotiations.

Her journey into the diplomatic world was shaped by a life inherently connected to international experiences. Originally from Argentina and married to a Costa Rican diplomat, H.E. Victor Hugo Rojas Gonzalez, they have lived across multiple countries, including Peru and Costa Rica, before arriving in Singapore over six years ago. These diverse cultural experiences cultivated in her a natural curiosity and openness, qualities she describes as essential in navigating diplomatic environments. “We often say our home travels with us,” she remarked, reflecting a worldview rooted in adaptability and cultural appreciation.

Professionally, her background in public policy and communications further strengthened her engagement with international affairs. She previously served as Chief of Staff to the First Lady of Honduras and later as Director of Communications for the First Lady of the Dominican Republic, roles that provided her with firsthand exposure to governance, leadership, and social development initiatives. These experiences, combined with her later work in Beijing supporting the establishment of the Embassy of Honduras, underscore a career that bridges diplomacy, policy, and institutional development.

Ms Maricarmen‘s involvement in diplomatic event

Her tenure in Singapore coincided with the global pandemic, presenting unique challenges to diplomatic engagement. With traditional large-scale receptions no longer feasible, she emphasised smaller, more meaningful interactions within the diplomatic community. “Instead of large receptions, we often met in smaller groups, which in many ways created more meaningful and lasting connections,” she noted. As Spouses of Heads of Mission (SHOM) coordinator, she prioritised maintaining cohesion and solidarity, ensuring that the community remained active despite physical limitations.

A key initiative she championed was inclusivity within diplomatic circles, particularly encouraging the participation of male spouses. This, she explained, reflects a broader shift in diplomatic culture. “Diplomatic life is evolving, and inclusivity strengthens the sense of community for everyone,” she observed, highlighting how modern diplomacy increasingly values diversity and shared participation.

Beyond community-building, Ms Maricarmen shared insights into the broader discourse on women’s empowerment. Drawing from her global experiences, she emphasised that while cultural contexts may differ, women’s aspirations remain strikingly similar. “Women everywhere navigate the balance between caring for others and nurturing their own aspirations,” she said. Central to this balance, she argued, is self-awareness: understanding one’s values and purpose as a guiding compass.

Her perspective on leadership was further shaped by observing prominent female figures in Latin America. Having worked closely with women who later ascended to positions of national leadership, she firmly believes that leadership transcends gender. “Power and leadership are not inherently masculine traits,” she stated, advocating for a more inclusive understanding of authority that embraces dialogue, empathy, and collaboration.

Reflecting on Costa Rica’s progress, Ms Maricarmen pointed to the country’s strong tradition of female leadership and democratic inclusivity. She noted that Costa Rica continues to advance gender representation in governance, with the historic election of its second female president, Laura Fernández Delgado, marking a significant milestone in the country’s political landscape. With women increasingly occupying prominent roles across government and international institutions, she views normalisation—not exception—as the true indicator of progress. At the same time, she acknowledged that challenges persist globally, particularly in redefining leadership models that have historically favored competition over cooperation.

Her reflections also extended to international cooperation, where she emphasised that advancing gender equality requires collective effort. “Gender equality is not a battle between sexes,” she noted. “When societies create conditions for everyone to contribute fully, the entire community benefits.” This perspective aligns with her broader belief in diplomacy as a tool for fostering understanding and shared progress.

Ms Maricarmen offered a message that resonates beyond International Women’s Day. She underscored the importance of recognising one’s intrinsic value and the ripple effect of individual actions. “The true source of power resides within each woman,” she affirmed, emphasising that whether in public leadership or private life, every role carries significance when guided by purpose and integrity.

Through her journey, Ms Maricarmen exemplifies a form of diplomacy that is both personal and profound, one that builds bridges not only between nations but also between people. In an increasingly complex global environment, her reflections serve as a reminder that dialogue, inclusivity, and quiet resilience remain at the heart of meaningful international engagement.

ADVANCING GENDER EQUALITY THROUGH COMMUNITY, POLICY, AND COLLECTIVE ACTION

In Singapore’s evolving social landscape, Ms Lim Shoon Yin, President of the Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE), stands as a thoughtful and influential voice for gender equality and social justice. Leading one of Singapore’s most prominent civil society organisations dedicated to women’s rights, she plays an important role in advancing policy reforms, strengthening support systems for survivors of gender-based violence, and advocating for greater inclusion and fairness in workplaces and communities. Under her leadership, AWARE continues to build bridges between policymakers, institutions, and the public to foster a more equitable society.

In a reflective conversation with IN Diplomacy’s, Ms Lim Shoon Yin discussed the significance of International Women’s Day 2026 and its theme, “Give to Gain”. The discussion explored the evolving role of civil society in shaping public discourse, the importance of collective responsibility in advancing women’s rights, and how advocacy, dialogue, and collaboration remain essential in strengthening inclusive policies in Singapore and beyond.

Ms. Lim Shoon Yin’s journey into advocacy reflects a significant career pivot from the private sector into public service. She first built her career as a woman executive climbing the corporate ladder, and later as a Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) practitioner. Through these roles, she engaged with legal frameworks, social issues, and community development within a corporate context. This experience has enabled her to consider how meaningful progress can be achieved through sustained collaboration between civil society, the corporate sector, and government institutions.

Reflecting on the International Women’s Day theme, she shared that her professional journey has been shaped by supportive workplaces and inclusive environments. “I have been privileged to have supportive managers and inclusive workplaces throughout my career,” she explained. “At this stage, it feels important to channel my energy and experience into initiatives that advance equality for women who may not have had similar opportunities, particularly those from marginalised groups.

Since its founding in 1985, AWARE has played a central role in Singapore’s gender equality movement. Through research, advocacy, and community services, the organisation has contributed to important policy developments aimed at strengthening protections for women, caregivers, and families. These include reforms under the Women’s Charter, the repeal of marital rape immunity in 2019, advances in workplace fairness legislation in 2024, and improvements in paternity leave provisions. AWARE has also advocated for housing access for unwed and divorced mothers and for stronger enforcement of maintenance obligations and family law protections.

Beyond policy advocacy, the organisation also provides direct services for individuals facing challenging circumstances. In 2011, AWARE launched Singapore’s first Sexual Assault Care Centre, offering trauma-informed support to survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence. Over the years, its helplines, legal clinics, counselling services, and case management programmes have supported thousands of women seeking assistance with issues ranging from mental wellbeing to workplace discrimination and family disputes. In 2025, just under 3,000 individuals reached out to AWARE for support through these integrated services.

Ms Lim Shoon Yin emphasised that community support and donations remain essential in sustaining this work. Much of AWARE’s research, advocacy, and services rely on contributions from individuals, private companies, and philanthropic organisations that share the vision of a more equitable society. These contributions enable the organisation to conduct research that highlights gaps in social support systems and to advocate for policies that better protect vulnerable communities.

Equally important to Ms Lim Shoon Yin is the role of public engagement and education. Through outreach programmes with schools, social service agencies, and community groups, AWARE works to promote awareness of issues such as consent education, workplace equality, bystander intervention, and first responder training in cases of harassment and violence. These initiatives are designed to foster a broader culture of respect, responsibility, and shared accountability within society.

Despite ongoing challenges, Ms Lim Shoon Yin remains optimistic about the future of women’s rights in Singapore. Through her interactions with communities, businesses, and policymakers, she has observed a growing willingness to engage in meaningful conversations about gender equality and social progress. “I see people who are curious and open to understanding these issues more deeply,” she noted. “Equally important, there is a willingness to explore how we can address them systemically.”

Looking ahead, Ms Lim Shoon Yin believes that progress will depend on sustained dialogue, cooperation, and the willingness of individuals and institutions to work together. Her message for International Women’s Day 2026 is a call for collective participation. She encourages people to engage with organisations like AWARE, learn about the challenges faced by women and families, and support efforts to advance equality through advocacy, volunteerism, and community involvement.

“Gender equality is not achieved by one organisation, or by one gender, alone,” and “It requires collective effort, shared responsibility, and a commitment by all genders to to building a society where fairness and dignity are accessible to all.” 

As Singapore continues to evolve socially and economically, Ms Lim’s perspective underscores the enduring role of civil society in shaping inclusive policies and strengthening communities. Through initiatives rooted in dialogue, advocacy, and service, AWARE’s work illustrates how the principle of “Give to Gain” can translate into lasting social progress.

A CONVERSATION ON INDUSTRIAL LEADERSHIP, GENDER DIVERSITY, AND THE FUTURE OF WOMEN IN BUSINESS

In the evolving landscape of Southeast Asia’s industrial sector, women leaders are increasingly shaping the direction of industries once considered firmly male-dominated. As a Deputy CEO within Samator Indo Gas Tbk, one of Indonesia’s leading industrial gas and manufacturing companies, the interviewee has built a reputation for combining strategic vision with a deep commitment to human development. Her leadership reflects a broader transformation within the region’s industrial economy, where innovation, inclusivity, and long-term sustainability are becoming central to corporate governance.

In a reflective conversation with IN Diplomacy, Ms Imelda Harsono discussed the evolving role of women in industry, the importance of inclusive leadership, and the meaning of the International Women’s Day 2026 theme, “Give to Gain.” The discussion moved fluidly between business strategy and social progress, touching on the importance of gender diversity, leadership in complex economic environments, and the role of Southeast Asia’s emerging corporate leaders in shaping responsible growth.

Ms. Imelda Harsono’s professional journey began with a strong determination to understand the industries she would eventually help lead. The industrial gas, manufacturing, and energy sectors are traditionally male-dominated fields that require not only technical knowledge but also resilience and patience. Rather than confronting these barriers directly, she focused on building her expertise and establishing credibility.

“Breaking through was less about fighting the system and more about consistently proving value,” she explained. “Early in my career, I invested time in understanding the technical side of the business, listening carefully to experienced colleagues, and delivering results.”

This commitment to competence and collaboration gradually opened opportunities for leadership. Yet the journey was not without challenges. At times, she found herself as the only woman in the room during key meetings or negotiations. Those moments, however, reinforced her belief that leadership ultimately transcends gender.

“What the journey gave back to me is perspective,” she reflected. “Leadership is not defined by gender but by clarity of vision, discipline, and the ability to bring people together.”

Within Samator Indo Gas Tbk, she has since become an advocate for human capital development and organisational culture. The company is widely recognised in Indonesia for its progressive approach to workforce development, and gender diversity forms an important part of that strategy.

According to her, championing diversity begins with a straightforward principle: talent has no gender. In practical terms, this philosophy translates into initiatives that expand opportunities for women within the organisation. These include leadership pathways, mentorship programmes, and greater visibility for women in technical and decision-making roles.

“Creating opportunities, encouraging mentorship, and building an inclusive culture are essential,” she said. “When diversity of perspectives is welcomed, organisations make stronger and more balanced decisions.”

The results, she noted, have been tangible. Teams with diverse perspectives tend to collaborate more effectively and adapt more quickly to change. These qualities are particularly important in industrial sectors facing rapid technological transformation and global competition.

Beyond the corporate environment, the conversation also turned to the broader role of Indonesian women in society. She believes the spirit behind the “Give to Gain” theme is already deeply embedded in Indonesia’s social fabric.

“Across Indonesia, women contribute enormously to their families, communities, and increasingly to the national economy,” she observed. “What they give is dedication, resilience, and the ability to carry multiple responsibilities at once.”

However, she emphasised that achieving genuine equality requires continued investment in opportunity. Access to education, professional pathways, and supportive workplace policies remain essential elements for ensuring that women can fully realise their potential in business and industry.

When asked about representing Indonesian women on regional and global platforms, she described the experience as both an honour and a responsibility. She hopes that the visibility of Indonesian women leaders will demonstrate that leadership can combine ambition with empathy and collaboration.

“Indonesian women often bring a leadership style that balances professional excellence with community awareness and long-term thinking,” she explained. “These qualities are increasingly valuable in a world that requires more responsible and inclusive leadership.”

Her message to aspiring women leaders across Southeast Asia, particularly in the context of International Women’s Day 2026, is rooted in preparation and mutual support.

“Leadership is not something you wait for—it is something you prepare yourself for,” she said. “Invest in your skills, remain curious, and do not hesitate to step into challenging roles. Growth often happens outside your comfort zone.”

At the same time, she encourages women to recognise that progress is collective. Supporting other women through mentorship and collaboration, she believes, accelerates advancement for entire communities and industries.

Reflecting once more on the theme of “Give to Gain,” she concluded that the principle captures an essential truth about leadership itself.

“When leaders give trust, opportunities, mentorship, and responsibility, they gain teams that are more committed and resilient,” she said. “Leadership is not about position—it is about contribution.”

In an increasingly interconnected global economy, her perspective illustrates how business leadership, social responsibility, and inclusive values can work together to shape a more balanced and forward-looking industrial future.

In a conversation with IN Diplomacy, Pakistan’s Ambassador to Singapore, H.E. Rabia Shafiq, reflects on the power of mentorship, the rising role of Pakistani women in diplomacy and public life, and the potential for Pakistan–Singapore cooperation to advance women’s empowerment

A distinguished diplomat representing Pakistan on the international stage, H.E. Rabia Shafiq has built a career dedicated to strengthening international partnerships and promoting dialogue between nations. As Pakistan’s Ambassador to the Republic of Singapore, she plays a key role in advancing bilateral cooperation while representing her country’s diplomatic priorities in a rapidly evolving global landscape. Her professional journey reflects the growing presence of women in diplomacy and the expanding role they play in shaping international relations.

In a conversation with IN Diplomacy, Ambassador Shafiq reflected on the significance of the International Women’s Day 2026 theme, “Give to Gain.” The discussion explored the importance of mentorship, the evolving role of women in diplomacy, and the ways in which Pakistan’s cultural values of resilience and community support continue to empower women in leadership. For Ambassador Shafiq, the theme captures a principle that has guided her professional journey.

“The theme ‘Give to Gain’ reflects an important truth I have experienced throughout my career,” she noted. “When we give through mentorship, compassion, service, or knowledge, we strengthen others and grow ourselves.” She emphasised that diplomacy itself embodies this philosophy, requiring patience, understanding, and a willingness to build bridges between nations and cultures. In her view, when women are given equal opportunities to contribute, their impact extends far beyond individual success. “When women thrive, societies prosper,” she added, describing the theme as a powerful reflection of the multiplier effect created by women’s leadership.

Ambassador Shafiq’s own path into diplomacy was shaped by strong encouragement from her family and mentors who believed in her potential. Their support played an important role in shaping her professional aspirations and instilled in her a commitment to encourage the next generation of women leaders. Today, she views mentorship as an essential responsibility, particularly in guiding younger officers entering Pakistan’s diplomatic service. By sharing knowledge and experience, she believes senior diplomats can help cultivate a new generation of capable leaders.

Pakistan’s history offers numerous examples of women breaking barriers and contributing to national progress. Ambassador Shafiq highlighted the legacy of Benazir Bhutto, whose leadership inspired women across the country and beyond. In contemporary Pakistan, women continue to excel in a wide range of fields, including politics, diplomacy, science, sports, and business. Within Pakistan’s Foreign Service, women now constitute more than 35% of officers, with several serving as ambassadors around the world. Prominent figures such as Hina Rabbani Khar, Tehmina Janjua, and Amna Baloch have held senior leadership roles within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, demonstrating the growing influence of women in shaping the country’s diplomatic engagement.

Reflecting on Pakistan’s cultural values, Ambassador Shafiq emphasised that family and community support remain central pillars of societal progress. Increasingly, families are investing in the education and professional development of their daughters, recognising that empowering women contributes to broader national development. Government initiatives have also sought to strengthen women’s participation in education and the workforce, while advancing legal protections and policies that promote gender equality.

During her diplomatic tenure in Singapore, Ambassador Shafiq has also observed the strong presence of women within the international diplomatic community. She noted that Singapore provides a dynamic environment where female diplomats can engage in meaningful dialogue and collaboration. She recalled participating in a panel discussion on women in diplomacy organised by the Foreign Correspondents Association alongside other female ambassadors, where participants shared experiences and explored the challenges and opportunities women face in international affairs. Such platforms, she said, play an important role in encouraging greater representation and visibility for women leaders.

Looking ahead, Ambassador Shafiq believes there is significant potential for cooperation between Pakistan and Singapore in advancing women’s empowerment. Areas such as education, entrepreneurship, digital innovation, and professional training offer promising avenues for collaboration. She suggested that scholarship programmes, leadership exchanges, and initiatives for young women professionals could create meaningful opportunities and strengthen people-to-people ties between the two countries.

For young Pakistani women aspiring to careers in diplomacy or international leadership, Ambassador Shafiq offered a message grounded in confidence and perseverance. “Believe in your abilities, work hard, and continue learning,” she advised. Representing one’s country on the global stage, she noted, is both an honour and a responsibility that requires dedication, adaptability, and a broad global perspective. Institutions such as Quaid-i-Azam University and international academic exposure can provide valuable preparation for such careers.

As the world commemorates International Women’s Day, Ambassador Shafiq’s reflections highlight the enduring importance of mentorship, cooperation, and shared progress. In her view, the spirit of “Give to Gain” serves not only as a theme but also as a guiding principle for leadership and diplomacy. By supporting one another and investing in future generations, women can continue to shape a more inclusive and collaborative international community.